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LISRARY.

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

0458

BRONX, NEW YORK 1

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Pie ana

APPENDIX.

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ON

MINERALS.
_ LIGNITE,

Micacrous OLIGISTE,
Mauacuire, &c.,
AMIANTHUS,

GALENA AND SuLPHURET OF TRON,
CINNABAR IN SCHIST, °
CINNABAR, GRANULAR,

KAOLIN,

Srauactitic Iron,

LAMELLOSE OLIGISTE,

CricnTonite (TITANIFEROUS OXIDE or Tron),
NerocreEsk,
AURIFEROUS PyRITES IN QUARTZ,
MIcaAcerous OLIGISTE,
Arposta,
Crystaus or Maenertic Iron,
TOPAZES,
ACERDESE,

do
Ox1pDE OF BisMuTH,
CarBONATE OF LEAD AND OF CopPpER, GALENA,
AMETHISTS,
AMPHIBOLITE AND anpeane IrABIRIvE,
CASSITERITE IN GRANITE, :
FiLuor SPAR, WITH GALENA, &C., P
Group oF HYALInE Quartz,

do do

PRYTHRINE (ARSENICAL COBALT),
Nativé ARSENIC,
BLENDE, WITH AR. Su., IN Quartz,
ACICULAR STIBNITE, IN TALCO-SEHIST,
PyRitEs CBNBOASSTTE) &c. IN QUARTZ,
GRAPHITE,
Limestane (MARBLE),
CHRYSOBERYL,
IrACOLUMITE (GRES FLESCIVEL),
GALENA,
Maeneric Tron ORE,
LIMESTONE,
BituMINowus Scuist,
LIMONITE (SLATY),
ARGENTIFEROUS GALENA,

Nodules, calcareous, ferruginous and slaty
abundanee, and from the size of a grown pea to

THE STATE CABINET.

41

LOCALITIES. PROVINCES.

Barcellos, Bahia.
Itabira, Minas.
Melancias, do
Different places in do
Minas, do.
Infece'onado, do
Villarica, do
Corrego Trepuy, do
Thesoureiro, do
Itabira, do
Mine of Tente Casi- do
meiro, do
Serra de Nassouras, do
Antonio Pereira, do
Torquirn, do
Itabira, do
Ouro Preto, do
Cocaes, do
do
Macaulas, do
Antonio Pereira, do
Catla Branea, do
Sette Lagoas, do
From different places, do
Itabira do Campo, do
Rio Paraupeba, do
Itacolumy, do
Itambé, do
Brumado, do
Antonio Pereira, do
Ouro Preto, do
Alaethé, do
Cattas-Altas, de
Timbopeba, do
Barreiras, do
Itabira do Campo, do
Serradas smeraldos, do
Serra d’ Itacolumy, do
Taubate, St. Paulo.
5. Jo. d’ Ypanema, do
do do do
Sorocaba, do
Ceritiba, Parana.
Iporanga, do

ferruginous, which are found in extreme
that of a bomb shell of a gigantic mortar, in

the interior of the Provinces of Pernambuco, Parahyla, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara, Pianhy,

Maranhao, Goyas, and Matto-Grosso.

Agates, Sexios rollados (Rolles stones), common in the Rio de §. Francesco do Norte.

LE:
(None).

[Senate, No. 89.]

ADDITIONS BY PURCHASE.

Lisl OF MOSsais

OF THE
STATE OF NEW-YORK.

—

BY CHARLES H. “PECK.

a

The following list is intended to contain the names of all the Mosses
hitherto detected in the State of New-York. The habitat, and time of
maturing the fruit are given, and, of the rarer species, the station also. It
has been thought advisable to reproduce bricf deseriptionsf-these-apeetes
not described in Sunntvant’s Mosses of the United States, ant add
occasional remarks concerning the peculiarities of ores species and the
distinguishing characters of such as are closely related. Geeky

Grateful acknowledgments are rendered to that distinguished and: expe-
rienced bryologist, Leo Lysquerrux, Esq., of Columbus, Chio, for’ much
kind assistance in the preparation of this List. He has freely communi- |
cated the names, habitat, etc., of numerous species collected by him on the
Adirondack Mountains, and in other parts of the State ;.and has authenti-
cated a large number of the other species herein recorded.

Much aid has also been received from our own indefatigable botanist,
the Hon. Grorae W. CLINTON, of Buffalo, at whose suggestion this work
was undertaken, and from whom contributions of many species from Western
New-York and the vicinity of Niagara Falls have been received.

Con F. Austin, Esq , of Closter, New-Jersey, has kindly contributetl
species both of Mosses and of Liverworts, from Orange county and the
Shawangunk Mountains. To them and to others due credit is herein given ;
their names signifying the authority for the statements made in the particu-
lar sentences to which they are respectively annexed.

ORDER MUSCI.—Mosses.
SPHAGNUM, Dill.

S. cymBiroLium, Ehrh.
Peat bogs and marshes. Frequent and variable. July.
S, PYLAESII, Brid.
Humected surface of granite rocks, top of Mt. Marcy, Adirondack
mountains; sterile, L, LesQUEREUX.

“es

LIST OF MOSSES. ata 43

S. cycLorpHyLiuM, Sulliv. and Lesqz.
Springs in granite rocks, Mt. Marcy, sterile, Lusqx.
S. sqguarrosum, Pers.
Peat bogs, especially on mountains. Common. July, August.
S. cusprpatum, Ehrh.
‘Deep bogs and cranberry marshes. Frequent and very variable. July.
S. acuTrFoLium, Ehrh.
Same habitat as the preceding. Also common and variable. July.
S. nraipum, Schp. 8S. compactum, Brad.
Bogs and wet places. Catskill mountains, Adirondack mountains,
LrsaQx.
S. supsecunpum, Nees. S. conrortum, Schultz.
Deep bogs, Adirondack mountains, July, Lesax.

ANDRAEA, Efhrh.

A. PETROPHILA, Ehrh.

Damp faces of rocks on mountains. Notrare. July.
A. RUPESTRIS, Turn.

Same habitat as the preceding. Catskill mountains. Abundant ahout

fifty rods north of the Mountain House. Not frequent. July.
A. CRASSINERVIA, Brch.

Humected rocks, top of Whiteface mountain, August, Lesqx.

‘EPHEMERUM, Hampe.
EK. CRASSINERVIUM, Schwaegr.

Moist grounds in fields, sides of ditches, ete. Not rare. Dec.— April.

ACAULON, Mull.
A. MuTIcUM, Schreb.
On the ground. Brooklyn, C. ¥. Austin. Buffalo, G. W. Cuinron.
December — April.

PHASCUM, L.
P. cusprpAtum, Schreb.
Waste fields near Saratoga; March, Lesqx.
PLEURIDIUM, Brid.
P. ALTERNIFOLIUM, Brid.
Old fields. Very common. May, June.
GYMNOSTIMUM, Hedw.

G. RUPESTRE, Schwaegr.
Crevices of steep rocks and overhanging cliffs. Not rare. Sept., Oct.
G. curvirostruM, Hedw.

Wet rocks. Not uncommon. - September, October.
Small forms of this specics closely resemble the preceding. Both are
variable. :

44. NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

WHISIA, Hedw.
W. viripuua, brid.
Old fields, waste grounds, thin soil covering rocks. Frequent.
March — June.

RHABDOWEKISIA, Schp.

R. DENTICULATA, Bryol. Europ.
Crevices of rocks on mountains. Sand Lake.

SELIGERTA, Brch. §- Schp.

. RECURVATA, Bryol. Europ.
Rocks in ravines. Deyil’s hole, Niagara county ; Caledonia, G. W. *
CLINTON.

. CALCAREA, Bryol. Europ.
With the preceding, from which it differs chiefly in its shorter stem,
broader leaves, and somewhat turbinate capsule.

TR

TR

The discovery of this rare and minute species in our State (as well as
of the preceding) is due to the earnest and faithful researches of G. W.
CLINTON. .

DICRANUM, Hedw.

D: GRraciLescens, Web. §- Mohr.
On rocks; high peaks of the Adirondack mountains; Aug., Lesqx,
D. scureBERI, Hedw.
Clay banks inmmountains ; Adirondack mountains, above Keene ; very
rare; September, Lesqx.
D. virnENs, Hedw.
Old logs and rotten wood in shady damp places, especially in woods
on mountains. Variable. Not abundant. May, June.
D. vanium, Hedw. :
Moist ground and banks, most common on clay soil. Frequent.
Noveinber — April.
D. HETEROMALLUM, Hedw.
On the ground in open woods, banks, about the roots of trees, moun-
tain and plain. Very common and variable. “September, October.
D. susuLATUM, Hedw.
Shaded rocks, Adirondack mountains; August, Lesqx.
D. Biuytrit, Bryol. Lurop.
Vissures of humected rocks, top of Mt. Marcy; August, Lesqx.
D. starKit, Web. §- Mohr. :
Same place as the preceding, LEsqx.
D. MoNTANUM, Hedw. -
Decayed logs and stumps in pine and hemlock woods, especially on
mountains. Catskill mountains. Goat Island, Niagara Falls, Lesqx.
July, August.
®. FLAGELLARE, Hedw.
Old logs ayd rotten wood. Very common. August.

LIST OF MOSSES. 45

D. rintERRuUPTUM, Bryol. Europ.
Rocks, rarely on decaying wood, in hill and mountain woods. Com.
August.
D. tonairoLium, Hedw.
Trees in mountain woods. Sand Lake. Rocks; Adirondack moun-
tains, LESQx. August, - September.
D. scoparium, L.
Ground, rotten logs, rocks; base of Adirondack mountains, LEs@x.
var, pallidum, Mu/d.
On the ground, rotten logs, rocks. Very common and variable.
July —September.
D. rLonGAtTUM, Schwaegr.
Fissures of humected rock, top of Mt. Marey ; August, Lesqx.
D. conerestum, Brid.
Decayed wood, sometimes on rocks, in mountain woods. Abundant
on the Catskill and the Adirondack mountains.
D. scHRADERI, Schwaegr. 7
Bogs and bogey places in mountains; Catskill and Adirondack moun-
tains; August, Lusqx.
Shawangunk mountains, C. F. AtsTin,
D. spurtum, Hedw.
Sandy ground ; Saratoga; July, LEsQx.
Catskill mountains, T. P. James, in Proceed, Am. Phil. Soc., 1864.
D. uNDULATUM, Turn.
On ground wet or dry in woods, sometimes on rocks; mountain and plain,
Frequent. July.
D. prumMMonpr, C. Mull.
On the ground on mountains. Abundant under small pine trees on
the Catskill mountains, between the Mountain House and the lake.
Rare. July.
ARCTOA, Brch. §- Schp.
A. FULVELLA, Bryol. Europ.
Fissures of humected rock, Mt. Marey; July, Lesax.

CAMPYLOPUS, Brid.
C. viripis, Sulliv. § Lesgr.
Roots of trees, decayed logs, etc., in woods. Not rare, Sterile.
TREMATODON, Rich.
T. aMBiacuus, Hedw.
On the ground by roadsides. Sand Lake. Rare. July.
This is now regarded as a northern species, and T. LONGICOLLIS as a
southern one. The latter probably dees not occur within our limits,
LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe.
L. eiavucum, L.

On the ground in woods, most often on knolls near swamps or water
holes. Common. j December.

46 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

le

FISSIDENS, Hedw.

. Ex1auus, Sudliv.

Wet rocks along streams; Schoharie, Miss R. WATERBURY. July.

. MINUTULUS, Szzldiv.

Rocks and ground in ravines. Albany. Helderberg mountains,
C.F. Austin. Buffalo, G. W. Curnron. Scarce. Nov. —April.

. BRYOIDES, Hedw. ;

Shaded ground in woods. Shaded ravines near Albany. Frequent:
in conservatories, in and around flower pots. Nov.— April.

. TAXIFOLIUS, Hedw. a
Humected rocks and clay hanks. Niagara Falls ; December, Lrsa@x.
Rockland county, C. F. AUSTIN.

. SUBBASILARIS, Hedw.

‘Roots of trees. Poestenkill, woods west of the village. Fort-Edward,
HE. C. Hows. Not common. October — December.

. ADIANTOIDES, L.

Moist ground and rocks, generally in woods. Frequent. Nov.— April.
. OSMUNDIOIDES, Hedw.
Base of trees in swamps and mountains; Catskill mountains, Lesqx.

. GRANDIFRONS, Brid.

Humected perpendicular rocks; Niagara Falls; Caledonia creek,
where it grows submerged, G. W. Cxiinron. Not uncommon in
Western New-York. Our plant bears pistillidia, but neither anthe-
ridia nor fruit.

CONOMITRIUM, Mont.

. JULIANUM, Savi.

On stones in mountain streams. Smoke’s creck, G@. W. CLINTON.
Shawangunk mountains, C. F. Austin. Sterile.

BLINDIA, Breh. §- Schp.
acuta, Dicks. ;
Humected perpendicular rocks; Catskill mountains, near the Cauters-
kill; July, Lesqx. Very rare.
This interesting and rare moss has been found in no other locality
in the State.

_Dioecious: pale green, loosely caespitose, varying in length from
half an inch to-half a foot; stems filiform, naked near the base; leaves
erect-open, shining, lanceolate-subulate, pointed by the excurrent costa;
capsule pyriform, firm, with a rather long straight pedicel; peristome
of 16 equidistant teeth ; lid large, with a straight or slightly inclined
beak ; calyptra split to the point, covering the lid only; annulus,
none.

POTTIA, Ehrh.

. TRUNCATA, L.

On the ground in moist fields, and by roadsides. Common.
November — April.

“LIST OF MOSSES. AT

DESMATODON, Brid.

. ARENACEUS, Sudliv. §- Lesge.
Stones ; Devil’s Hole and Caledonia, G@. W. Cuinron. Rare. July.

BARBULA, Hedw.

. UNGUICULATA, Hedw..-

Ground, claybanks. Variable and common. Noy. — April.

. CAESPITOSA, Schwaegr.

On the ground in woods and about the roots of trees. Common,
June.

. TORTUOSA, L.

Rocks. Goat Island, Lesqx. Common about Niagara Falls, G. W.

Cuinton. Helderberg mountains. Not frequent. June.

. coNVoLUTA, Hedw.
Ground on mountains. Helderberg mountains, growing with Bryum

pyriforme, on ground on which charcoal had been burned, Rare.
. MUCRONIFOLIA, Schwaegr. ye
Roots of an elm subject to inundation, Schoharie, Miss R. WatTEr-
BURY. Stones; Devil’s.Hole and Portage,G.W.CiiIxron. June.
.FRAGILIS, Wils. TRrichostoMUM FRAGILE, Hook.
Humected rocks by waterfalls. Ausable river, near Lake Champlain;
sterile, Lusqx.

Closely caespitose ; stems erect, simple or forked, tomentose at the
base ; leaves closely imbricated, erect; plane on the margin, rigid, very
fragile, twisted when dry, lanceolate-subulate with an excurrent costa ;
areolation hyaline near the base, minute, chlorophyllose and papillose
above; capsule erect, ovate-oblong, scarcely curved; lid obliquely
long-beaked ; teeth of the peristome convolute, very thin, fugacious ;

“inflorescence dioecious.

TRICHOSTOMUM, Hedw.
. TORTILE, Schrad.
Sandy ground, banks by roadsides, ete. Common. Nov.— March.
. VAGINANS, Sudliv.
On the ground; Shawangunk mountains, C. F. Austin.

, : November — March.
- PALLIDUM, Hedw.
Clayey ground. fields and open woods. Common. June.
. GLAUCESCENS, Hedw. ;
Cliffs and crevices of precipitous rocks, Adirondack mountains.
Ravine south of Albany. Rare. June.

DIDYMODON, Hedw.

. RUBELLUS, Roth.

Rocks, especially in ravines. Catskill mountains. Greenbush, near
Harlem R. R. bridge. Rare. June, July.

°

48 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET,

D. turipus, Hornsch. .
Niagara Falls, on a dry rock near the shore, one-cighth to one-quarter
of a mile below the American staircase, G@. W.Ciinron. October.

This fine species was found by DRumMonpD at Niagara Falls in 1818,

but had not been detected since that time until 1865, when it was
rediscovered as shown above.

D. cyLinpricws, Brch.
Catskill mountains. JAMEs in Pr. Am. Phil. Soe.

CERATODON, Brid.
C. purpurevs, L. :
Ground, rocks, rotten wood, old roofs. Common everywhere. May.

DISTICHIUM, Brch. §- Schp.

D. caprnLAceuM, Bryol. Europ.
Crevices of rocks, high summits of the Adirondack and the Catskill’
mountains, LEsQx.
TETRAPHIS, Hedw.
T. peLLucIDA, Hedw.
Decayed wood in woods. Frequent. June.

ENCALYPTA, Schrebd.

“EB. crnrata, Hedw.
Rocks and crevices of rocks on mountains. Sand Lake. Adirondack
mountains, : July.

E. streEpTocarpPaA, Hedw.

Rocks. The Ledge; Akron, G. W. Cuinton. Niagara Falls.
JAMES in Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. Helderberg mountains. Sterile.

ZYGODON, Hook. § Tayl.
%. mouaEot!, Bryol. Europ.
Catskill mountains. JAMES in Pr. Am. Phil. Soe.
Z. LAPPONICUS, Hedw.
Crevices of rocks. Catskill mountains, below Cauterskill Falls.
Adirondack mountains, LESQx.

ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw.
O. roger, Brid.
Bark of Populus tremuloides, near Lake Placid, Adirondack moun-

7

tains ; very rare; August, LEsQx. : ay eae
O. cupuLtatum, Hoff. ‘
Rocks and trees. Beech trees, Rosis Point, G@. W. CLInToN. Rare.
May, June.

O. ANOMALUM, Hedw.
Rocks, sometimes on trees. Limestone rocks, Niagara Falls, Lesqx.
On trees in the same locality, G. W. CLinton. Not common. June.
O. sTRANGULATUM, Beauv. wan
Trees, rocks and stone walls. Frequent. April, May.

LIST OF MOSSES. 49

O. CANADENSE, Schp.

Trees, with the preceding. Less common, April, May.
O. LeEIocARPUM, Bryol. Europ.

Trees. Adirondack mountains, LEsqx. Sand Lake. Rare. June.
O. nutcuinsia®, Hook. § Tayl.

Granite rocks, mostly on mountains. Frequent. June.
O. Lupwiall, Brid.
Trees on hills and mountains. Common. June.

O. crispuM, Hedw.
Trees, dead branches on the ground and shaded granite rocks, Lusax.
Catskill mountains. James in Pr. Am. Phil. Soe, Sand Lake.

Hall’s station, G. W. CLINTON. June.
O. crispuLUM, Brceh.
Trees. Common. June.

PTYCHOMITRIUM, Breh. & Schp.
P, incurvem, Schwaegr.
Rocks. Rockland county, C. F. Austin.

DRUMMONDIA, Hook. |
D. CLAVELLATA, Hook.
Trees, on hills and mountains. Common. May, June.

‘ SCHISTIDIUM, Schp.
S. apocarpuM, Hedw.
Rocks, especially in ravines and along streams. Frequent and va-

riable. November — April.
S. conrertuM, Funk.
Same habitat as the preceding. Common. April.

GRIMMIA, Ehkrh.

G. PENNSYLVANICA, Schwaegr.
Wet rocks on hills and mountains. Common. December — April.
G. LEUCOPH@A, Grev.
Sandstone rocks. Catskill mountains. James in-Pr. Am. Phil.
” Soe. June.
G. ovata, Web. & Mohr.
Naked, flat rocks, top of Mount Marcy; September, Lrsex.
Pulvinate or caespitose; leaves lanceolate, pointed, the upper
ones tapering into a hair point; capsule on a straight pedicel, ex-
serted, ovate, solid; lid obliquely beaked; teeth of the peristome
long, split to the middle, dark red; calyptra mitriform, lobate; inflo
rescence monoecious.
G. OLNEYI, Sulliv.
Rocks. Catskill mountains. . (Torrey legit) C. F. Austin,
G. DONNIANA, Smith.
Rocks. Adirondack mountains; rare, Lrsqx.
[Senate, No, 89.] ii

50 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

RACOMITRIUM, Brid.
R. ACIcuLARE, Brid.
Rocks along mountain streams. Catskill mountains. Sand Lake.

~ June.
R. supEtTiIcum, Funk.

Moist rocks along streams, Adirondack mountains; Aug., Lesqx.
Catskill mountains. JAMEs in Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.
R. MicrRocarPumM, rid.
Rocks, either moist or dry. On mountains. Common. May-June.
R. FASCICULARE, Prid.
tocks near waterfalls. Adirondack mountains; Ausable river, etc.,
Les@x. Catskill mountains. JAmEs in Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.

HEDWIGIA, Ehrh.
HH. CrLrara, Dicks.
Granite rocks and stone walls. Very rarely on decayed logs. Every-
where common. May.
SCHISTOSTEGA, Mohr.
S. osmuNDACEA, Web. & Mohr. ag

On dirt adhering to roots of overblown trees in deep woods, a short
distance south of Cranberry marsh, Sand Lake. This is at present
its only known locality m this country. August.

Very delicate, slender, simple or rarely bifurcate, 3’/—6” long,
growing from a shining, yellowish-green and persistent prothallium,
rooting only at the base, two-shaped; sterile plants frondlike, with
the leaves two-ranked, rhomboidal, ecostate, vertically inserted,
confluent at the base; fertile plants frondiform below or with the
stem nearly naked, bearing flowers and minute horizontal leaves of
various forms at the top; flowers gemmiform; vaginula ovate-glo-
bose; capsule on a long slender pedicel, minute, nearly globose,
without a peristome; operculum convex; calyptra minute, mitriform
or dimidiate-conical, covering the operculum only; spores minute.
A very rare little moss of peculiar habit and loose cellular structure,
with a beautiful glancous green color when fresh. First found in
this country in 1865,

TETRAPLODON, Bryol. Europ.

T. ANaustTaTus, Bryol. Europ.
On the excrement of cows in a swamp near Lake Placid, Adiron-
dack mountains; August, LEsQx.

T. MNIOIDES, L. fil.
Excremeut of some animal near oie top of Mount Marcy; August,
LESQx.

APHANORHEGMA, Sulliv.
A. SERRATA, Sulliv.
Moist ground in fields. Common. November.

LIST OF MOSSES. ol

PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid.
P. PYRIFORME, J.

Moist ground, especially on clayey soil. Common everywhere. May.

FUNARIA, Schreb.

F. FLAVICANS, Micha.
Damp clayey soil in woods. Staten Island, A. A. ADEE. Buffalo,
G.W.Cuinton. Rare. April — May.

This species is more common in the Southern States, and grows

especially on ground where charcoal has been burned.

F. HYGROMETRICA, Hedw,
Ground wet or dry. Crevices of rocks, and in places burnt over in
charring coal. Common everywhcre. June.

Var. CALVESCENS, Bryol. Europ.

Wet springy places. Buffalo, G. W. Ciinron.

MEKSIA, Hedw.
M. uLiainosa, Hedw.
Moist sandy ground and marshy places. Along the railroad be-
tween West Albany and Center. Fort Edward, E. C. Hows. Rare.
June.
M. tristicna, Funk.
Swamps and wet places. Fort Edward, E.C. Howr. Rare. June.

BARTRAMIA, Hedw.
B. FonTANA, Brid.

Wet rocks and springy places on mountains. Common. June.
B. MUHLENBERGII, Schwaegr.
Moist sandy or gravelly places. Along the railroad between West
Albany and Center. Niagara Falls, G. W.Curnton. Fort Edward,
K. C. Howe. June.
B. ITHYPHYLLA,. Brid.
Fissures of rocks. Black mountain near Lake George; August,
LESQx.
B. pomirormis, Hedw.
On the ground in ravines and in the crevices of rocks. Frequent.
May.
B. OEDERI, Swartz.
Rocks on hills and mountains. Helderberg and Adirondack moun-
tains. kron and Devil’s Hole, G. W. Cuintron. Schoharie, Miss
R. WATERBURY. Shawanguuk mountains, C. I. AUSTIN. June.
CONOSTOMUM, Swartz.

C. BOREALE, Swartz.
Crevices of rocks. Top of Mount Marcy; very rare; August, Lesqx.

BRYUM, Dill.

B. cernuum Brch. & Schp.
Crevices of rocks, Lake George; July, Lesax.

52 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

B. ACUMINATUM, Hoppe & Hornsch.
Fissures of rocks. Adirondack mountains, Les@x. Rock City, G.
W. Cuinton. Very rare. : September.
Very similar to the following species in appearance, leaves and
capsules; but differs in having the flowers gemmaceous and ter-
minal, and, the inner peristome without cilia, .
B, ELONGATUM, Dicks.
Humected black soil in crevices of rocks. High summits of the Adi-
rondack mountains; Whiteface mountain, etc., LEsgx. High Peak,
Catskill mountains. — Rare. July.
B. NuTANS, Schreb.
Low grounds. Crevices of rocks in mountains. Common. June-
Var. BicoLoR, Bryol. Europ.
Marshy places on mountains. Adirondack mountains, LESQx.
B. crupwuM, Schreb. ‘
Deep shaded crevices of rocks on mountains. Black mountain;
Catskill and Adirondack mountains, Lesqx. Fort Edward, E. C.

Howe. June.
B. ANNOTINUM, Hedw.
Moist banks by roadsides, Sand Lake. August.

B. WAHLENBERGII, Schwaegr.
Springy places and wet gravel'y banks. Base of Helderberg moun-

tains, fertile specimens. Rare in fruit. June.
B. PYRIFORME, Hedw.

Sandy soil, burnt ground, etc. Common. June.
B. InvERMEDIUM, Brid.

Thin soil covering rocks. Not rare. June.

B. primum, Schreb.
Swamps and wet ground about roots of trees. Common. June.
B. PSEUDO-TRIQUETRUM, Schwaegr. .
Wet rocks, especially on hills ‘and mountains. Catskill mountains,
. Poestenkill, Not common. June, July.
B. rosEuMm, Schreb.
On the ground and about the roots of trecs in woods. Rare in fruit.
October.
B. CAPILLARE, [edw. we
Adirondack mountains, August, Les@x. Buffalo, G. W. CLINTON.
Fort Edward, E. C. Hows.
B. cycLopuyiuvum, Bryol. Lurop.
Wet places. Caledonia creek at Green’s, where it was found in
1865 by G. W. CrinTon, the first to discover it in this country.
Dioecious: loosely caespitose; stem branching by innovations
from the top or emitting slender branches from the base; leaves
bright green above, brown below, distant, half clasping the stem,
spreading, ovate-suborbicular, obtuse, entire, concave, costate to

o? %
near the apex; capsule ovate-pyriform, pendulous; operculum mam-

millate; annulus compound.

LIST OF MOSSEs. 53

B. tTurBInatum, Fedw,
Humected rocks. Niagara Falls; very rare; July, Lusex.
B. casprticium, L. .
Dry ground in fields and open places. Common. May.
B. ARGENTEUM, L.
Dry hard soil and thin earth covering rocks. Mountain and plain.
Everywhere. ; June — November.
B. ATRoPpuRPUREUM, Web. d Mohr.
‘Sandy soil. Buffalo (Forest Lawn), G. W. Curnron. Very rare,
and hitherto considered a Southern species, June.
MNIUM, Brech. & Schp.
M. puncratum, Hedw.
Swamps and wet places in woods. Common and variable.
November — April.

A very small form occurs in woods and ravines, especially on
mountains, growing on wet ground and rocks, sometimes on rotten
logs.

M. HorNuM, Hedw.
Humected granite rocks. Adirondack mountains; July, Lesex.
Stones and banks along rivulets. Shawangunk mountains, C. F.

AUSTIN.
M. serratum, Brid.

Along rivulets.. Greenbush. Smoke’s creek, G. W.CLinron. Not
common. May.
M. tycopopioip4s, Hook.

Moist rocks in woods on mountain slopes. Adirondack mountains;

Black mountain near Lake George, LEsqx.

Much like M. serratuM, but distinguished by its larger size, dioe-
cious inflorescence, distant long ligulate acuminate leaves, with
more numerous and acute double teeth on the margin and a more
compact areolation, longer, elliptical or subcylindrical, slightly in-
curved capsule, and longer teeth of the peristome.

M. cusprpatum, Hedw.
Ground, stones and old logs in woods. Frequent. May.

M. AFFINE, Bland.
Damp ground and rotten logs in woods and ravines. Common, May.

Var. ELATUM, Bryol. Europ.

Along deep shaded creeks in mountains. Black mountain, LEsqx.
Var. RUGIcUM, Bryol. Europ.

Same places as the former, LESQXx.

M. sprnuLosum, Bryol. Europ.
Ground in hemlock woods on mountains.

berg and Catskill mountains.

M. sTELLARE, Hedw.
Deep shaded rocks above Keene; Adirondack mountains; rare;

August, LEsqQx. :

Common on the Helder-
June.

54 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

AULACOMNION, Schwaegr.
A. TURGIDUM, Schwaegr.
Bogs near the top of Mount Marcy; sterile, Lusex.
A. PALUSTRE, Schwaegr. ,
Bogs. Marshy ground. Decayed vegetable matter in wet places.

Common. June.
A. HETEROSTICHUM, Bryol. Europ.
Moist shaded banks in ravines. Frequent. * May.

TIMMIA, Hedw.
T. MEGAPOLITANA, Hedw.

Ground in shaded ravines. Greenbush. Schoharie, Miss R. Wa-
TERBURY. May.

ATRICHUM, Beawv.
A. UNDULATUM, Beauv.

Clayey soil, banks and ravines. Common. November— May.
A. ANGUSTATUM, Beauv.
Ground, roadsides and banks. Frequent. November — May.

POGONATUM, Beauv.
P. BREVICAULE, Brid.

Clayey ground, roadsides, etc. Frequent. »~ Sept.— November.
P. CAPILLARE, Brid.
Borders of gravelly torrents; slopes of Mount Marcy; Adirondack
-mountains, LESQx.
P. ALPINUM, Brid.
About ledges of rocks on mountains. Common on the Catskill
mountains. July.
POLYTRICHUM, Brid.
P. FormMosuM, Hedw ;
Ground and rotten logs in woods, especially on mountains. Common. ~
RiitH July.
P. PILIFERUM, Schreb.
Dry hard soil overlying rocks, especially in mountainous regions.

Not rare. June.
P. JUNIPERINUM, Hedw.
Shaded ground in open woods and swamps. Common. June.

P. commune, L.
Ground in old fields. Borders of woods and bogs. Everywhere.
June.
In mountain regions where the soil is poor, this moss quickly oc-
cupies the little knolls in pastures and meadows, thereby diminish-
ing the grass crop and rendering renewed cultivation necessary.

BUXBAUMIA, Haller.
B. APHYLLA, Haller.
Ground in open woods. Sand Lake. Helderberg mountains. Rare.
November—April. ,

LIST OF MOSSES. 55

DIPHYSCIUM, Web. & Mohr.
D. Fou1osum, Web. & Mohr.
Shaded banks and knolls in open woods. Not rare.
August, September.

FONTINALIS, Dill.

F, ANTIPYRETICA, LZ. Var, GIGANTEA, Sulliv,
Attached to sticks and stones in mountain streams and lakes. Com-
mon but usually sterile.
Var. EATONI, Suilliv.
A slender form with narrow leaves. Catskill mountains, fruiting
abundantly; July, LEs@x.
The true F. ANTIPYRETICA has not yet been found in the State.
F, NOVH-ANGLIA, Sulliv.
Mountain lakes and sluggish streams. Bowman’s Pond and Cran-
berry Creek, Sand Lake. Catskill mountains, Les@x.
F, LESCURITI, Sulliv.
Streams and waterholes. Outlet of the lake between the Mountain
House and the Laurel House, Catskill mountains; also the Adiron-
dack mountains, LEsQx.
F, DALECARLICA, Bryol. Europ.
Stones in mountain streams, Common. August.

DICHELYMA, Jyrin.

D. cAPILLACEUM, Dill.

5 Streams, waterholes and lakes, attached to sticks and stones.
Bowman’s Pond and Cranberry Creek, Sand Lake. Sterile.

D. FALCATUM, Hedw.
Stones in mountain rivulets. In woods both sides of the road be-
tween the Mountain House and the Laurel House, Catskill moun-
tains. Rare. . July.

Fruiting specimens of this really beautiful moss were found in

nearly dry rivulets in the locality given, which at present is its only
known station in the State.

PTERIGYNANDRUM, Hedw.

P. FILIFORME, Zimm.
Rocks on mountains, especially along streams. Shaded granite
rocks, Adirondack mountains, above Keene, LEsQx. Common on
the Catskill mountains. July, August.

LEUCODON, Schwaegr.
L. JULACEUS, Hedw.
Trees. Oommon. November, December.
L. BRAcHYPpUS, Brid.
Trees. Sometimes on rocks. Mostly on mountains. Common,
November, December,

4

56 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

LEPTODON, Mohr.

L. TRICHOMITRION, Mohr.
Trees in woods. Sometimes on rocks. Common. Noy., Dec.

ANOMODON, Hook. & Tayl.
A viticuLosts, ZL.
Rocks. Goat Island, Lesgx. Various localities about Niagara
Falls, G. W. CLinton. Schoharie, Miss R. WATERBURY. Abund-
ant on the Helderberg mountains. Always sterile within our limits,
the plant bearing pistillidia but no antheridia.
A. APICULATUS, Bryol. Hurop.
Rocks and trees, mostly on mountains. Rocks, Akron, G. W.
CLINTON. Trees, Poestenkill. November, December.
Resembles the following species, from which it may be distin-
guished by the slight apiculation at the apex of the leaves and the
ciliate-papillate lobes at their base.
A. OBTUSIFOLIUS8, Bryol. Europ.
Trees in woods. Especially on the maple, (Acer saccharinum.)

Cummon. November, December.
A. ATTENUATUS, Schreb.
Base of trees, rocks and ground. Frequent. Nov., Dec.

A.? TRISTIS, Cesatt.
Trees in woods. Poestenkill. Fruit unknown.

LESKEA, Hedw.

L. poLycarpPa, Ehrh. ; si
Trees in low grounds subject to inundations. Swamp south of
Greenbush. July.

L. opscura, Hedw.

Trunks and roots of trees on low banks of streams. Hudson below —
Albany. . July.

L. NERVOSA, Schwaegr.

Rocks. Niagara Falls, G. W. Cuinton. Trenton Falls, JAMEs.
The specimens are sterile, but believed to belung to this species.

L. ROSTRATA, Hedw.

Base of trees and on rocks. Very common. November.

THELIA, Sulliv.
T. HIRTELLA, Hedw.
Base of trees. Common in Western New-York, G. W. CuLInTon.
November.
T. ASPRELLA, Schp.
Base of trees. Common. November.
This species is quite common in the vicinity of Albany, but T.
HIRTELLA, which in most places is as plentiful as T. ASPRELLA, has
not yet been observed here.

LIST OF MOSSES. 57

MYURELLA, Sc?_..
. CAREYANA, Sulliv.
Rocks and crevices mostly on mountains. Helderberg mountains.
Greenbush. Chittenango, G@. W. Cuinton. Shawangunk moun-
tains, C. F. Austin. Rare. Sterile.
It assumes two modes of growth; one, prostrate, forming thin
mats; the other, upright and compact.

PYLAISAEA, Schp.

. SUBDENTICULATA, Schp.

Base of trees, usually white oak, in dryish woods. Helderberg
mountains; Albany, C. F. Austin. . Rare. November.

. INTRICATA, Hedw.

Trees in open woods, sometimes in old orchards. Frequent.

November — March.
. VELUTINA, Schp.

Trees, mostly in mountain woods. Sand Lake. Catskill mountains.
Rockland county, C. F. AUSTIN. F October, November.

HOMALOTHECIUM, Schp.
. SUBCAPILLATUM, Schp.
Trees. Common but not abundant. November, December.

PLATYGYRIUM, Schp.
. REPENS, Brid.

Decaying wood, old logs, rails, stumps. Common. Nov., Dec.

CYLINDROTHECIUM, Schp.
. CLADORRHIZANS, Hedw.

Old logs in woods, rarely on stones. Common. Nov., Dec.
. SEDUCTRIX, Hedw.
Roots of trees, stones and ground. Frequent. Noy., Dec.

. BREVISETUM, Schp.
On leaning trunks, Shawangunk mountains, C. F. Austin. Not
common. November, December.

NECKERA, Hedw.
. PENNATA, Hedw.

Trees in woods. Frequent. November — April.
. COMPLANATA, L.
Rocks, Catskill mountains, T. P. JAMEs, Very rare. Sterile.

HOMALIA, Brid.
. JAMESII, Schp.

Catskill mountains, growing with N. compLANATA; T. P. JAMES.

CLIMACIUM, Web. & Mohr.
. AMERICANUM, Brid.
Moist ground and rotten wood in fields and in woods. Common but
seldom found in fruit. November,
[Senate, No, 89.] 8

5

C.

Hi.

Tt.

H

lak

EN

8 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

DENDROIDES, L.
Habitat as in the preceding. Cemetery woods, Sand Lake. Wet
bank, Rensselaerville, Miss R. WATERBURY. Rare. Sept., Oct.

Distinguished from the preceding by the shorter capsule, shorter
rostrum to the operculum, and less distinctly auricled base of the
leaves.

HYPNUM, Diil.
TAMARISCINUM, Hedw.
Ground and decayed logs in swamps and wet woods. Common.
October — March.
. DELICATULUM, C. Mull.
Ground and rocks in dry hilly woods. Not rare. Aug., Sept.

i. MINUTULUM, Hedw.

Base of trees and rotten wood in woods. Common. July — Oct.
. PyYGM@uM, Bryol. Hurop.
Rocks. Foster’s Flat, G. W. Cuinton. Rare. August.

. GRACILE, Bryol. Europ.
Ground and rotten logs in woods. Catskill mountains. Fort Ed-

ward, E. C. Howe. July.

ABIETINUM, L.

Rocks. Goat Island, LeEsgx. Whirlpool wood, Niagara Falls, G.
W. Cuinton. Helderberg mountains. Sterile.

. BLANDOWIT, Web. & Mohr. oe
Swamps and bogs. Caledonia, G. W. Cuinton. ‘Warren, Herki-
mer county, J. A. Pains, Jr. Rare. June.

Stems erect or ascending, 3’/—4’ long, simple or sparingly divided,
pinnately branched, densely villous; branchlets attenuated, distich-
ous, flexuous or recurved; leaves ovate and broad-ovate, short acu-
minate, more or less plicate, usually with a strong fold in the middle
obscuring the costa which extends half way, reflexed on the margin ~
and papillose on the back, with slender, branching filaments at the
basal angles; areolation elongated; capsule oblong-cylindrical, sub-
arcuated; operculum conic, acute; annulus broad. A dull yellow-
ish-green moss resembling in appearance, both H. ABIETINUM and
H. PALUDOSUM. f

. PALUDOSUM, Sulliv.

Swamps and bogs. Not uncommon. June.

. SQUARROSUM, L.

Wet places, ground and stones. Catskill mountains, half way be-
tween the Mountain House and the Laurel House. Very rare.
7 Sterile.

TRIQUETRUM, L.

Ground in woods and swamps. Common and variable. Dec.-Mar.

BREVIROSTRE, Hhrh.

Rocks and base of trees in mountains. Catskill mountains, below

Cauterskill Falls. Middletown, Miss R. WatrrmrBury. Rare in

fruit. November — April.
Fruiting specimens were found in the localities mentioned.

ON THE STATE CABINET. 59

H. sPLENDENS, Hedw.
Ground, rotten logs.and rocks in woods. Frequent. May, June.
H. uMBRATUM, Ehrh.
Ground in pine and hemlock woods on high mountains. Base of
Mcunt Marcy, September, October, LEsQx. Slopes of High Peak,
Catskill mountains. Not common.
H. ALLEGHANIENSE, C. Mull.
Moist rocks along streams and clefts of rocks on mountains. Hel-
derberg mountains. Devil’s Hole, G. W. CLINTON. Sterile.
H. HIANS, Hedw.
Ground in open places, banks and ravines, especially on clayey soil.
Not rare. : November, December.
H. PILIFERUM, Schreb.
Ground and wet banks along streams in woods. Helderberg moun-
tains, in a deep ravine southwest of Knowerville station. Fort -
Edward, woods back of the Institute, E. C. Howr. Rare.

November, December.
H. suLLIVANTII, Spruce.

Moist banks in woods. Base of Catskill mountains, Les@x. Ravine
near Knowerville station.

H. TENELLUM, Dicks.
Found in small quantity growing with H. pULCHELLUM about the
roots of an old stump, Helderberg mountains.

Monoecious: stems slender, irregularly branched, greenish-yellow,
shining; leaves erect-spreading, narrowly lanceolate, nearly subu-
late, serrulate, costate to the apex; perichetial leaves. oblong acu-
minate, ecostate; capsule oval-oblong, horizontally inclined, annu-
late; operculum rostrate. A very small species first detected in this
country in 1865.

H. stricosum, Hoffm.
Open woods, ravines and hill sides, on the ground. Variable and
frequent. September, October.
H. DIVERSIFOLIUM, Bryol. Europ.
Ground. Buffalo, December, G. W. Cuinton. Rare.
H. Boscit, Schwaegr.
Shaded rocks, base of Catskill mountains, not common, sterile,
LEs@x. :
H. sSERRULATUM, Hedw. .
Ground in open woods, sometimes about the roots of trees in wet or
dry places. Frequent. June — November.
H. DEPLANATUM, Schp.
Wet stones, Shawangunk mountains, C. F. AusTin.
H. DEPREsSsuUM, Brch.
-Shawangunk mountains, C. F. Austin.
H. RUSCIFORME, Weis.
On stones in mountain streams, Catskill mountains, Lesq@x. Sha-
wangunk mountains, C. F. AUSTIN. August — November.

60 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

H. pemissum, Wiis.
Moist surfaces of rocks on mountains. Catskill mountains. Rare.
July, August.
H. microcarrum, C. Mull.
Rotten tree-roots in woods, Staten Island, A. A. ADEE.
The form here noticed is the variety with inclined capsules. It pro-
bably does not extend to the central and northern parts of the State.
H. cYyLinpricarPum, C. Mull.
Old logs in woods. Base of the Helderberg mountains, near Know-
erville station. Rare. November, December.
A variety with capsules a little shorter than usual.
H. RECURVANS, Schwaegr.
Ground, old logs and rocks, especially on mountains. Very variable
and frequent. November, December.
H. auButum, C. Mull.
Moist ground and base of shrubs about waterholes, Shawangunk
mountains, C. F. AUSTIN.
A southern moss which probably does not extend far within our
southern boundary.
H. evayrium, Bryol. Europ.
Rocks in shallow streams, base of Mount Marcy, Lesqx. Cranberry

creek, Sand Lake. Dripping rocks, Catskill mountains. June.
H. MOLLE, Dicks.
Rocks in mountain streams. Catskill mountains. June.

H, ocHRACEUM, Turn.
Same habitat as the preceding. Adirondack mountains, August,
Les@x. Shawangunk mountains, C. F. Austin. Sand Lake.
Sterile in the two localities last named.
H. MONTANUM, Wils.
Humected rocks, near the top of Mount Marcy, August, LEs@x.
H. cusPipaTum, L.
Cranberry swamp near Port Kent, Lake Champlain, LEsqx. Fort
Edward, E. C. Howe. Sterile.
H. scHREBERI, Willd.
Ground in open places and borders of woods. Frequent. Nov. — Dec.
H. cornpirouium, Hedw.
Swamps and waterholes. Not rare. June.
H. GIGANTEUM, Schp. *
Cranberry swamp near Port Kent, Lesgx. Caledonia, the creek
swamp, G. W. CLINTON.

Dioecious: stems robust, erect, 6/—10’ long, thickly branched;
branchlets open, somewhat attenuated orcuspidate, becoming shorter
above; leaves usually imbricating, concave, broadly cordate-ovate,
entire, obtuse, costate nearly to the apex, with two or three rows of
large pellucid cellules at the excavated basal angles; capsule on a
long pedicel, oblong-cylindrical, horizontal, without an annulus;
operculum mammillate. i

LIST OF MOSSES. © 61

H. sTRAMINEUM, Dicks.
Bogs near the top of Mount Marcy, August, LEsqx.
H. unernatum, Hedw.
Rocks, ground and rotten wood in woods, expecially. on mountains.

Common. . July.
H. REVOLVENS, Swartz.
Bergen swamp, G. W. CLINTON. Sterile.

H, FLuItTANs, Hedw.
Swamps and low ponds about Lake Champlain, common, July,
LESQx.
H. apuncum, Hedw.
Trout lake near Lake George, LESQx. Fort Edward, E. C. Howe.
Var. GIGANTEUM, Bryol. Europ.
Big Bay, Strawberry Island, growing in water, G. W. CLInToN.

Waterholes, Jamesville, J. A. PAINE, Jr. Sterile.
Var. GRACILESCENS, Bryol. Lurop.
Wet marshy ground; Buffalo, G. W. CLINTON. Sterile.

H. Finicinum, L.
Wet springy places on the ground and on dripping rocks. Common
and variable. Rare in fruit. May, June.
H. CRISTA-CASTRENSIS, L.
Ground and rotten logs, especially in mountainous districts. Not
uncommon. September.
H. Motiuscum, Hedw,
Ground in woods. Sand Lake. Helderberg mountains. Not com-
mon. November — April.
. CUPRESSIFORME, L.
Bark of trees, Adirondack mountains, July, LEsgx.
. IMPONENS, Hedw.
Old logs and ground in woods. Frequent. November — April.
. REPTILE, Miche. ,
Old logs in mountain woods, Common. August.
. FERTILE, Send.
Decayed wood, sometimes on rocks, on mountains. Woods south
shore of Bowman’s Pond, Sand Lake. Catskill mountains. Rare.
July. |
Monoecious: stems creeping, 2’—3’ long, pinnately branched;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, long attenuate, strongly incurved-hooked,
distantly serrulate toward the point, faintly bi-costate at the base;
capsule on a long pedicel, cylindrical, cernuous-incurved, wide
mouthed when dry; operculum convex-apiculate; annulus broad.
A soft moss with yellowish-green foliage, distinguished from H.
REPTILE by its long pedicels, operculum not rostellate, and leaves
longer pointed and more strongly curved, giving to the plant its
peculiar soft and almost crisped appearance.

ot me A

62 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

H. curviro.tium, Hedw.
Wet ground in fields and by roadsides, old logs in woods, some-
times on rocks. Frequent and variable. June.
H. HALDANIANUM, Grev.
Ground and old logs in woods. Common and variable. Nov. — April.
H. PRATENSE, Koch.
Bogs around Lake George and Lake Champlain, sterile, LEsQx.
H. ruaosum, Lhrh. ;
Exposed places on rocks. Goat Island, LEsgx. -Whirlpool wood,
G. W:- Cuinton. “Sun-set Rock,” Catskill mountains. Rare. Sterile.
H. niITENS, Schreb.
Peat bogs near Port Kent, Lesqx. Bergen swamp, G. W. CLINTON.
Fort Edward, E. C. Howe. May, June.
H. sALEBROSUM, Hoffin.
Decaying wood and sticks in pine and hemlock woods on moun-
tains. Helderberg mountains. Catskill mountains, Scarce.

November — April.
H. patum, Brid.

Ground, banks, rocks, old logs in woods, roots of trees. Abundant

everywhere. November, April.
H. ACUMINATUM, Beauv.

Roots of trees and thin soil onrocks. Saratoga and Catskill moun-

tains, Lesqx. Portage and Chittenango, G. W. CLINTON.

November — April.
H. RUTABULUM, L.

Moist ground in woods and ravines. Common and variable.
November — April.
H. puumosum, L.

Rocks along mountain streams, Common. November — April.
H. popuLeumM, Hedw.

Ground in pine woods, Catskill mountains; also near Lake George,

May, LEs@x.

H. VELUTINuM, LD.
Ground in pine and hemlock woods. Sand Lake and Helderberg
mountains. Not common. March.

Stems creeping, closely entangled, irregularly pinnately branched,

branches more or less contorted and curved at the apex; leaves
loosely imbricating, spreading, subfalcate, lanceolate long acumi-
nate, or gradually tapering from the base to the apex, the whole
margin serrulate, distinctly costate beyond the middle; capsule
oval-oblong, horizontal-incurved; operculum broad, short-conic; pe-
dicel short, 5’—8” long, papillose. Forms thin mats on the ground
in thick woods. Foliage deep green, sometimes with a yellowish
tinge.

H. REFLEXUM, Web. & Mohr.
Stones in deep woods; slopes of Mount Marcy; August, LEsqx.

LIST OF MOSSES. 63

H. starxit, Brid.
Wet stones in woods; Lake Placid, Adirondack mountains, August,
LESQx.
H.-RIVULARE, Brch.
Wet rocks in mountain streams, swamps and ravines. Devil’s Hole,
G. W. Cuinton. Cemetery woods, Sand Lake. Rare in fruit.
November — April.
H. NovV®-ANGLIA, Sulliv. & Lesqa.
Wet rocks and damp ground, mostly on mountains. Common, but
seldom fruits. November — April.
H. sTeELLATUM, Schreb.
Bogs, Port Kent, Lesqgx. Bergen swamp, G. W. Cuinron. Sterile.
H. potymcrpPuum, Breh.
Ground and rocks. Common and variable. June, July.
Var. minus, Sulliv. & Lesqx.
Old logs of Thuja occidentalis, base of Mount Marcy, Lesqx.
H. HIsPIpuLuM, Brid.
Ground, roots of trees and decayed wood. Common. June, July.
H. susrite, Hoffm.
Base of trees, especially Acer saccharinum. Helderberg mountains.
Whirlpool woods, G. W. CLINTON. September.
H. minutissimum, Sulliv. d Lesqza. :
Rocks; Counterfeiter’s Ledge, Akron, G. W. Cuinton. Very rare.
: August, September.
H. CONFERVOIDES, Schwaegr.
Near Lebanon Springs, JAMES in Pr. Am. Phil: Soc.
A. SPRUCEI, Brch.
Goat Island. Jamezs in Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.
H. apnatum, Hedw.
Stones in open woods, roots and bark of trees. Frequent and va-

riable. July — September.
H. SERPENS, L.
Decayed weod near the ground. Not rare. June.

H. RADICALE, Brid.
Roots of trees, rotten wood, etc. Common and variable. June, July.
H. ORTHOCLADON, Beauv.
Wet places on the ground, decayed wood, and stones in rivulets.
Frequent and variable. June, July.
H. NOTEROPHILUM, Sulliv. & Lesqu.
Springs and streams in limestone regions. Caledonia, G. W. CLIN-
TON. Sterile. Rare.
H. RIPARIUM, L.
Swamps, borders of lakes, waterholes. Frequent and very variable.
une — September,

64 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

H. puLCHELLUM, Dicks.
Adirondack mountains, LEsgx. Helderberg mountains, about the
roots of an old stump’ Rare. |
Stems short, irregularly branched, radiculose at base; leaves sub-
secund, slightly curved, rather loosely imbricating, concave, lanceo-
late and oblong-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, entire, ecostate,
with a narrow linear areolation; capsule oblong, slightly inclined;
operculum convex-conic; annulus composed of two rows of narrow
cells. A small species with delicate, shining, yellowish-green foliage.
H. DENTICULATUM, L.
Ground in woods, base of small trees in low grounds, rocks on moun-

tains. Common. 4 July, August.
H. MUHLENBECKII, Hartm.
Ground and rotten wood in woods. Common. June, July.

H. suLLIVANTIZ, Schp.
‘Humected rocks, Catskill mountains, also near Lake George, July,
Lesqx. Shawangunk mountains, C. F. AUSTIN.

ORDER HEPATIC AH—Liverworts.

RICCIA, Mich.

R. NATANS, L.
Stagnant pools. Brooklyn, (Torrey legit) C. F. Austin. Albany.
Not common, June.

Var. TERRESTRIS, Nees. :

Wet ground, borders of pools. With the preceding. Frond usually
somewhat stellately lobed; lobes linear, diverging; passes into the
typical form, C. F. AusTIN.

R. LUTESCENS, Schwein.
Margins of pools, Jow muddy grounds. Common. Fruit unknown.

Sometimes found floating, late in autumn, in pools exsiccated dur-

ing summer.

R. FLUITANS, L.
Stagnant water, rocky rivulets. Not rare. Sterile.

ANTHOCEROS, Mich.
A. puNcTATUS, L.

' Wet banks, moist ground in fields. Common. September.
A. Lz&vIs, LD. ;
Wet ground and rocks in rivulets; common, Sept., C. F. AUSTIN.

NOTOTHYLAS, Sulliv.
N. VALVATA, Sudliv.
Damp ground in fields. Common. October.
N. MELANOSPORA, Sulliv.
With ANTHOCEROS PUNCTATUs and equally common, September, C.
F. AUSTIN,

LIST OF MOSSES. 65

LUNULARIA, Mich.
L. VULGARIS, Mich.
Common and spontaneous in conservatories; distinguished from
MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA, by the crescent-shaped, gemmz-bearing
receptacles; sterile; C. F AusTin.
MARCHANTIA, ZL.
M. potymorPHA, L.
Burnt ground, wet places, ditches, borders of swamps. Frequent.
June — August.

PREISSIA, Nees.
P. comMuTATA, Nees.
Shaded wet places, ravines. Albany and Helderberg mountains.
Niagara Falls, G. W. CLINTON. June.
FEGATELLA, Raddi.
F. conica, Corda. ae
Wet banks, along streams; inswamps and ravines. Common. May.
REBOULIA, Raddi.
R. HEMISPHARICA, Raddi.
Rocks along streams, May, C. F. AUSTIN.
R. MICROCEPHALA, Tay.
Moist shaded banks and rocks; common; May, C. F. AUSTIN.

GRIMALDIA, Raddi.
G. BARBIFRONS, Raddi.
Exposed rocky soil, Schoharie, Miss R. WATERBURY. April, May.

DUVALIA, Nees.
D. RUPESTRIS, Nees.
Wet places in rocky ravines. Havana, Schuyler co., E. @. PickErTT,

METZGERIA, Raddi.
M. FuRCATA, Nees.
Rocks damp or dry, trees. Common, but seldom fruits.
M. puBesceENs, Raddi.
Rocks among moss, High Peak, Catskill mountains. Rare. Sterile.

ANEURA, Dumort.
A. sESSILIs, Spreng.
Decaying wood in swamps. Common.
A. PALMATA, Nees.
Old logs. Common.
A. MULTIFIDA, Dumort.
Old logs in swamps, wet ground in woods; frequently submerged;
common, C. F. AUSTIN. :
STEETZIA, Lehm.
S. LYELLII, Lehm. ;
Wet ground, in springy, boggy places. Sand Lake. Shawangunk
_ mountains, C. F. Austin. Sterile.
(Senate, No. 89.] 9

66 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

PELLIA, Raddi.
P. EPIPHYLLA, Nees.

Wet ground, borders of ditches. Frequent. April, May.
BLASIA, Mich.
B. PusIuua, L.
Wet gravelly or sandy banks. Albany. Not common. Sterile.
GEOCALYX, Nees.
G. GRAVEOLENS, Nees.
Ground and old logs; common, C. F. AusTIN.

CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda.
C. POLYANTHUS, Corda.
Sticks and stones in streams and swamps; often submerged. Com-
mon but sterile.
LOPHOCOLEA, Nees.
L. HETEROPHYLLA, Nees.
Ground and old logs. Common and variable. June.
SPHAGNCCETIS, Nees.
S. communis, Nees.
Rotten wood and old logs. ‘Common but rarely fruits.
JUNGERMANNIA, L.
J. TRICOPHYLLA, LZ.
Wet ground, damp rocks, among moss, etc. Common.
J. SETACEA, Web.
With the last and as common, C. F. AUSTIN.
J. CONNIVENS, Dicks.
Decayed wood and damp places on the ground. Frequent.
J. CURVIFOLIA, Dicks.
Old logs. Frequent and variable in color.
J. BICUSPIDATA, L.
Rotten wood and among moss. Sand Lake. Catskill mountains.
J. CATENULATA, Hub.
Ground and old logs in swamps; very common, C. F. AusTIN.
Stems prostrate, rarely suberect, slightly compressed or subjula-
ceous. Leaves suborbicular, concave, obliquely clasping, nearly
twice as wide as the stem, bifid, with an obtuse sinus and acute
straight or connivent and more or less incurved lobes; amphigastria
none; involucral leaves subovate, 2—3-cleft, the lobes spinulose-
dentate; perianth on a very short lateral branch, elongated, subcy-
lyndrical, the apex trigonal, sub-acute, whitish, the mouth ciliate-
lobed, the lobes spinulose-dentate. Forms extensive olive-green
patches.
J. SULLIVANTIANA. (n. 8.)
Cold shaded ground, Orange county, C. F. AUSTIN.
“ Amphigastria minute, ovate or sub-quadrate, sometimes emar-

LIST OF MOSSES. ° 67

ginate. Color light green. Stems 2-4 lines long, filiform, creep-
ing, densely radiculose. Leaves scarcely wider than the stem,
somewhat distant, subdistichous, erecto-patent, broadly and ob-
tusely complicate-concave, under pressure broadly cuneate-triradi-
ate, distinctly serrate-denticulate, }-bifid; sinus broad and obtusish
or sometimes acutish, lobes triangular-ovate, acute; areolation mi-
nute, for the most part quadrate, with the interstices narrow and
hyaline. Involucral leaves 3, }-connate, 2—-3(?) lobed, spinulose-
dentate. Perianth terminal on a longish, club-shaped branch, pli-
cate to the base; apex obtusely triangular, white, deeply laciniate,
the lobes sub-linear, truncate, their apex minutely denticulate.”
Austin USS.
J. LESCURIANA. (n. 8.)

On the ground in open woods, Orange county, C. F. AUSTIN.

“This is a larger species than the last with longer and more en-
tangled sterile stems and subulate, sub-squarrose amphigastria.
Fertile stems more clavate, erect, and crowded. Leaves more im-
bricated and the lobes more ovate, the lower not serrate. Involu-
cral leaves numerous and crowded into roseate or capitate heads
which are at first terminal, but at length dorsal, the inner ones
highly connate, scarious and eroded-denticulate on the margin above.
Perianth broadly oval, nearly white, strongly and acutely plicate,
and even in the young state deeply laciniate-lobed; the mouth denticu-
late. The leaves towards the apex of the fertile stems are less
deeply bifid than the lower ones and often 2—5 papillate-dentate at
the subtruncate apex of the lobes.”’” Austin MSS.

J. BICRENATA, Lindbg.
Ground in bleak open woods; Helderberg mountains, Shawangunk
mountains, C. F. AUSTIN.

Color varying from pale green to reddish-brown. Stems short,
thick, densely radiculose; leaves orbicular or subquadrate, very
concave, closely imbricating, rather thick and firm, emarginate-2-
toothed, with a lunate sinus and acute teeth; involucral leaves 2-3-
toothed, serrate; perianth terminal, ovate, plicate, the mouth ciliate-
denticulate, connivent.

J. incisa, Schrad.
Old logs. Sand Lake. Not common.
J. BARBATA, Schreb.
Rocks and thin soil covering rocks in mountainous localities. Fre-
quent and variable. Rarely fruits.
Var. ATTENUATA, Mart.
Rocks and ground; High Peak, Catskill mountains. Fertile.

Stems more slender than in the typical form, erect; lower leaves
eroded-denticulate at the apex; upper leaves uniformly 3-toothed;
amphigastria wanting.

6 § NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

J. MICHAUXII, Web.
Perpendicular faces of rocks on mountains. Sand Lake. Catskill
mountains, :

J. MINUTA, Crantéz.
Rocks, Catskill mountains.

Amphigastria none; leaves complicate-concave, pectinate-spread-
ing, 4-$-bifid, the lobes subequal, ovate, acute or obtuse; inner in-
volucral leaves trifid; perianth oval-oblong, subcylindrical, the
mouth plicate. Resembles the last, but is more slender, leaves not
contorted, areolation more quadrate, C. F. AUSTIN.

J. scuTATA, Web.
Old logs. Common.

J. SCUTATA is described as having the perianth terminal, and at
length dorsal; in our plant (which may be a distinct species) the
perianth is ventral as in SPHAGN@CETIS COMMUNIS; the amphigas-
tria is smaller, C. F. AUSTIN.

J. PECKII. (n. 8.)
Decayed wood, Sand Lake.
“A minute densely caespitose species of a light brownish-red
color. Stems rigid—with the leaves—lanceolate in outline, the base
densely radiculose and creeping, the apex ascending, microphyllose;
rootlets very long and of a light pink color. Leaves imbricated,
erecto-vertical, upwardly connivent, concave, rotund-quadrate,
somewhat margined; the base obliquely clasping; the ventral mar-
gin almost connate with the amphigastria, the dorsal decurrent; the
apex somewhat incurved, emarginate-bilobed; sinus acute or obtuse;
lobes straightish or somewhat connivent and incurved; areolation
large, subrotund; the cellules contiguous and poriform; interstices
somewhat obscure; involucral leaves small, unequal and unequally
2-3(?)-toothed. Perianth on a very short branch arising from the —
under side of the stem near the base, minute, ovate, somewhat ob-
lique; the mouth oblique, subtruncate, minutely denticulate, at
length fissured. Amphigastria minute, oblong-ovate, margined,
entire; the apex incurved.”? Austin JSS.
Differs from J. souTata as follows: Plant smaller, color light red,
stems lanceolate, leaves frequently obtusely bilobed, amphigastria
smaller and entire, involucral leaves small and unequal, perianth
never terminal and areolation of the leaves larger, C. F. AUSTIN.
J. SCHRADERI, Mart.

Old logs and decayed wood. Frequent. August — October.
J. CRENULATA, Smith.

Ground, Shawangunk mountains, C. F. AUSTIN.
J. EXSECTA, Smith.

Rotten wood. Sand Lake and Vatskill mountains.

LIST OF MOSSES. 6

SCAPANIA, Lindbg.
S. NEmorosa, Nees.
Ground, rotten wood, rocks, in wet or dry places, mountain and
plain. Frequent. Rocks, Catskill mountains, fertile. June.

PLAGIOCHILA, Nees & Mont.

P. sprnuLosa, Nees & Mont.
Rocks, High Peak, Catskill mountains. Rare.
P. ASPLENOIDES, Nees & Mont.
Rocks and banks along rivulets. Frequent and variable.
P. PORELLOIDES, Lindbg,
Roots of trees in swamps; common, C. F. AusTIN.
SARCOSCYPHUS, Corda.
S. EHRHARTI, Corda.
Rocks in rivulets, Catskill mountains. Shawangunk mountains,
near Greenville, C. F. AUSTIN.
FRULLANIA, Raddi.
F. GRAYANA, Mont.
Rocks and trees. Frequent. Abundant in swamps on balsam and
tamarack trees where it is fertile.
F, HUTCHINSIA, Nees.
Rocks in rivulets, near Greenville, Orange county, C. F. AUSTIN.
F. VIRGINICA, Gottsche.
Trees and rocks. Common.
F, EBORACENSIS, Gottsche.
Trees and rocks. Frequent.
LEJUNIA, Libert.
L. SERPYLLIFOLIA, Libert.
Rocks and trees in mountainous districts. Catskill mountains,
L. CALCAREA, Libert.
Stones and roots of trees, Orange county, C. F. Austin.

MADOTHECA, Dumort.
M. PLATYPHYLLA, Dumort.
Rocks and trees. Frequent and variable.
M. PpoRELLA, Nees. y
Sticks and stones in streams. Sand Lake. Sterile.
RADULA, Nees.
R. coMPLANATA, Dumort.
Rocks and roots of trees. Very frequent and commonly fertile.
PTILIDIUM, Nees.
P. CILIARE, Nees.
Old logs and ground in woods; mountain and plain. Very common
and variable.
A large, erect, sterile form is found on the ground on high moun-
tains.

70 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

_ SENDTNERA, Endl.
S. JUNIPERINA, Nees.
Crevices of perpendicular rocks on mountains, Catskill mountains,
High Peak and below Cauterskill Falls.

TRICHOCOLEA, Nees.
T. TOMENTELLA, Nees. .
Swamps and bogs. Common but seldom fruits.

MASTIGOBRYUM, Nees.
M. TRILOBATUM, Nees.
Ground, rocks and much decayed wood in woods. Frequent. Rarely
fruits.
M. DEFLEXxuM, Nees.
Rocks and base of trees. Catskill mountains.

LEPIDOZIA, Nees.
L. REPTANS, Nees.
Rotten logs and base of trees in woods, hills and mountains. Not
rare.

CALYPOGEIA, Raddi.
C. TRICHOMANIS, Corda.
Ground and old logs, often in wet places; common, C. F. AusTIN.

In the foregoing List, 274 species of Musci and 66 species of Hepaticz
are recorded. It is believed that not a few species yet remain to be
added to our Flora. It is the purpose of the writer to continue his
efforts to perfect the List, and he would solicit contributions of speci-
mens and facts from the bryologists of the State. It is well to note the -
habitat and time of fructification.

The following species of Moss doubtless occur within our limits, but
have been omitted because they are not positively known to have been
detected therein: Hphemerum serratum, Astomum sullivantii, A. nitidu-
lum, Bruchia flexuosa, Archidium ohioense, Dicranum refescens, Bryum
lescurianum, Thelia lescurii, Hypnum scitum, and H. scorpioides. Three
species of moss new to this country, were detected the past season, and
three new species of Liverwort are herein described. If we consider
that the regions especially rich in species—the Catskill and the Adiron-
dack mountains—have been but little visited by collectors, we must
infer that many interesting species yet remain to reward future explorers.

ALBANY, December, 1865.

(ei)

LIST OF PLANTS FOR STATE HERBARIUM,

COLLECTED BY

HENEY B. ‘LORD,
IN THE VICINITY OF LUDLOWVILLE, TOMPKINS COUNTY, 1865.

DENTARIA DIPHYLLA, With root.
SINAPIS NIGRA, Flower and fruit.
STELLARIA LONGIFOLIA, do do
RHUS GLABRA, do do
ACER SPICATUM, Flower.
GEUM ALBUM, Flower and fruit.
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA, do do
CIRCHA ALPINA, Flower.
THASPIUM TRIFOLIATUM(?) do
CoRNUS FLORIDA, Fruit.
CORNUS PANICULATA, do

. SAMBUCUS PUBENS, do
MITCHELLA REPENS, Flower and fruit.
EUPATORIUM SESSILIFOLIUM, Flower.
ASTER UNDULATUS (2 forms), do
SOLIDAGO ARGUTA, do
SoLIDAGO MUHLENBERGII, do
HIERACIUM SCABRUM, Flower and fruit.
SoNCHUS OLERACEUS, do do
SONCHUS ASPER, do do
PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Fruit.
PYROLA CHLORANTHA, do
VERONICA OFFICINALIS, Flower and fruit.
GERARDIA PEDICULARIA, do do
LYCOPUS EUROPAUS, do do
LITHOSPERMUM OFFICINALE, do do
ASARUM CANADENSE, Fruit.
JUGLANS CINEREA, do
CARYA ALBA, Flower.
CARYA GLABRA, do
CARPINUS AMERICANUS, do
SMILACINA RACEMOSA, Fruit.
UVULARIA GRADIFLORA, Flower and fruit.
JUNCUS NODOSUS, do do

CAREX TORTA.

CAREX RETROCURVA.

CAREX TRICHOCARPA.

CAREX PLATYPHYLLA.

CAREX ALOPECOIDEA.

CAREX DERI.

ADNOPOGRON FURCATUS.

BoTRYCHIUM VIRGINICUM.

ARALIA QUINQUEFOLIA, Root,

CD?)

FACTS AND OBSERVATIONS

TOUCHING THE FLORA OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

COLLECTED, MAINLY, IN 1865.

BY ONE OF THE REGENTS.

It is desirable that some one should contribute, annually, to this
Report, a paper showing the progress of Botanical discovery in the
State, and preparing the -way for a perfect Catalogue or Flora of the
State. Hoping that some one of more leisure and ability will, next year,
undertake that duty, I resume its performance now.

The inevitable delay which occurs in the printing of the Regents’
Reports to the Legislature, would enable me to include observations and
facts made and ascertained in the season of 1866; but this is a record of
those of 1865, and I prefer, in general, to keep it so.

Mr. PAINE’s admirable Catalogue of the Plants of Oneida County and
vicinity, which gives its chief grace and value to the last Report, con.
tains the results of that gentleman’s explorations in 1865, as well as in

1864 and previous years. It is to be regretted that he did not place

authentic specimens of his discoveries in the State Herbarium; which,
so far at least as its Flora is concerned, ought to be its great continent
and illustrator. In drawing upon that Catalogue for materials for my
Lists, I was, at first, in special cases, in doubt whether I could safely
doso. I have concluded, however, to adopt the conclusions of that good
botanist, for the purposes of this paper, with the occasional expression
of dissent or doubt.

The following is a list of the plants, so far as known to me, which
have been found growing spontaneously in the State, and which are not
included in ToRREY’s Catalogue, nor in the additions thereto furnished
in my paper appended to the last or Eighteenth Annual Report on the
State Cabinet:

1. Ranunculus flammula, L. PaAtnn’s Cat. p. 55, fide Gray. If I cor-
rectly understand the distinction between it and var. reptans,
it is pretty common on the St. Lawrence,

2. Ranunculus clintonii, Beck. Mr. PAINE considers this a distinct
species, though Dr, Torrey and Dr. Gray, and botanists ge-
nerally, regard it as a form of R. repens.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 73

. Nymphcea tuberosa, PAINE. Paine’s Cat. p.184. This species can

hardly be considered as established. Dr. Gray has undertaken
its investigation, but it may not be premature for me to express
my impression that, while the specific character given by Mr.
PAINE will probably fail, the species is a good one.

. Nuphar kalmiana, Pursu. N. lutea of the Flora.

5. Nuphar variegatum, ENeELM. In reference to this species, the vene-

rable E. DURAND, under the date of March 10, 1866, writes me:
“ Nuphar variegatum. I found in Philadelphia, in Dr. SHort’s
herb., now in Academy. of Nat. Sciences, a specimen marked
New-York, from H. H. Eaton’s Herb.” It “is easily distin-
guished from N. advena, by its leaves always floating, with
closed sinuses and winged petioles.” Ihave just been iaformed,
authentically, that Dr. ENGELMANN now doubts the distinct-
ness of this species.

6. Argemone mexicana, L. PAINE’s Cat. p. 185.
1. Dentaria heterophylla, Nutt. PAINE’s Cat. p. 60.

10

Li,
12.

Ww
a

14,
15.

16.

tT.

18.

19.

20.

. Cakile maritima, Scor.; var. equalis, CHapmM. Coney Island, one

plant, 1865: STEPHEN CALVERLEY. (C. maritima of the Flora=
C. americana, NUTT.)

\
. Malwa alcea, L. Buffalo, 1862, Alden, 1865; roadsides. G.W.C. For

the identification of this species, Iam indebted to my friend
Davin F. Day, Esq.

. Trifolium procumbens, L. PAINn’s Cat. p.72. Sent to me, from the
vicinity of New-York, in 1864, by A. A. ADEE, Esq. Regarded
by botanists in the southern and eastern portions of the State
as common; but Medicago lupulina is often taken for it.

Medicago maculata, WILLD. PAINE’s Cat. p. 12.
Lespedeza stuvei, Nutt. PAINE’s Cat.’p. 73.

. Geum album, GMELIN. Common in the western part of the State,
and, probably throughout it. The G. virginianum of the Flora:
is, probably, G. album; but our Flora includes both species.

Prunus spinosa, L. PAtnNeE’s Cat. p. 75.
Potentilla paradoxa, L. Nutt, PAInE’s Cat. p. 186.
Hydrangea arborescens, L. In 1865, the Rev. L. HouzeEr collected, on

the hills near Corning, on the road to Blossburg, what I believe
to be this plant, though it had no radiant flowers.

Pimpinella anisum, L. Buffalo, 1865: D. F. Day and G. W.C. Spon-
taneous about gardens; hardly a scape.

Lonicera parviflora, var. douglasii, GRAY. On the verge of the
chasm between Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge, 1865.
GaW..€.

Galium mollugo, var.y. Hoox. & Arn. New-York Island, 1865.
M. W. Denstow, Esq.

Fedia olitoria, VAnu. Abundant iu a court-yard near Buffalo, and
spreading, 1865. G. W. C.

[Senate, No. 89.] 10

74
21.

22.

23.

24.
25.

26.
27.

28.
29.

30.
31.
32.

33.
34.
85.
86.
a7,

38.
39.
40

41.
42.

43.
44.

45,

NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.
Aster azureus, Linpt. Near the whirlpool of the Niagara river, on
the top and edge of the bank, 1865. G. W. C.

Solidago puberula, Nutt. PAINe’s Cat. p. 93. New-York botanists
write me that it has long been regarded as common on Long
Island, etc.

Solidago speciosa, Nutt., Harlem, 1861, C. F. Austin, Re-disco-
vered there, in 1865; by'‘Dr. BURNSTEAD and Dr. ALLEN.

Solidago speciosa, var. angustata, Torr. & GR. PAINE’S Cat. p. 93.

Solidago houghtonii, Torr. & Gr. The open swamp in Bergen, 1865:_
Dr. C. M. BortH and Mr. PAINE.

Solidago linoides, SOLANDER. PAINE’S Cat. p. 94.

Lapsana communis, L. Buffalo, 1865, and in a court-yard and the
adjacent street. G. W. C.

Pyrola secunda, L. var. pumila. PAINE’s Cat. p. 187.

Dodecatheon meadia, L. Patne’s Cat. p. 105. This seems very
doubtful.

Utricularia clandesttna, Nutt. PAtneE’s Cat. p. 106.
Utricularia gibba, L. PAtnn’s Cat. p. 106.

Gerardia integrifolia, GRAY. Salamanca, side of the hill opposite
the railroad station, 1865. G. W. C.

Schwalbea americana, L. PAINnE’s Cat. p. 109.
Hyssopus officinalis, L. PAtnn’s Cat. p. 110.
Thymus serpyllifolia, L. Patne’s Cat. p. 111.
Atropa belladonna, L. - PAINE’s Cat. p. 116.

Atriplex hastata, L. var. oblongifolia. PAtnn’s Cat. p. 120. This
seems to be different from a narrow leaved form which I have
found at Syracuse, and also about court-yards and gardens in
Buffalo and Richfield Springs, and I have never seen it. If it
be different, then Salina and Syracuse present four remarkably
variant forms of Atriplex. hastata.

Amarantus retroflecus, L. PAINE’s Cat. p. 120.
Amarantus hypochondriacus, L. Niagara Falls, 1865. G. W. C.

Amarantus spinosus, L. Along the Buffalo and State Line railroad,
near Elk-street, Buffalo, 1865. G. W. C.

Polygonum careyi, OLNEY, PAINE’s Cat. p. 121.

Rumex sanguineus, L. PAINE’s Cat. p.122. I fear thafa redveined
* form of 2. obtusifolius is taken for this species.

Rumex acetosa, L. PaArINnE’s Cat. p. 122.

Callitriche austinii, ENGELM. “Staten Island, in shady by-ways on
dry, hilly ground,” June 1865. OC. F. AUSTIN.

Populus angulata, Att. PAINnn’s Cat. p. 189.

i ee
. SS Be

46.

57,

58.
59.
60.
61.
62:
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
it

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 75

Juniperus sabina, L. var. prostrata. PAINE’s Cat. p. 130. Long
known to our botanists, but first identified as a var. of sabina,
by Dr. RoBBINs.

. Sparganium eurycarpum, ENGELM. PAINE’s Cat. p. 131.
. Sparganium natans, L. PAINE’s Cat. p. 132.
. Sagittaria graminea, Micux. PAINnn’s Cat. p.134. Dr. ENGELMANN,

about two years ago, wrote me that this species exists in the
Niagara river, near Buffalo; but I have not been able to iden-
tify ‘it to my satisfaction.

. Platanthera rotundifolia, LINDL. var. oblongifolia. PAINE’s Cat. p.

135.

. Cypripedium candidum, Muu. PArNe’s Cat. p. 139.

. Lofieldia glutinosa, WILLD. PAINE’s Cat. p. 143.

. Juncus debilis, GRAY. PAINE’s Cat. p. 145.

. Ayris bulbosa, KUNTH. PAINE’s Cat. p. 146.

. Eleocharis compressa, SULLIVANT. PAINE’S Cat. p. 147.

. Scirpus fluviatilis, GRAY. PAINE’s Cat, p. 149. Well known to bota-

nists, since GRAY pointed out the distinction between it and
S. maritimus, and included in several local catalogues, includ-
ing my own.

Carex prairea, DEW. PAINE’s Cat. p. 151. (I may as well remark
here, that I dare not interfere in the disputes touching the spe-
cies of this extremely large genus; and, so far as I refer to it,
I adopt the conclusions of Mr. PAINE’s Catalogue, without exa-
mination.) I suppose this to be C. ter etiuscula, var. major,
Kocu. Bergen swamp, 1865: G. W. C. PAInE’s Cat, p. 151.

Carex cephaloidea, DEw. Patnu’s Cat! p. 151.
Carex scabrior, SARTWELL. PATNE’s Cat. p. 152.
Cares tenella, EuRu. PAatne’s Cat. p. 152.

Carex argyrantha, TUCKERMAN. PAINE’s Cat. p. 152.
Carex lenticularis, MIcHx. PAINE’s Cat. p. 153.
Carex strictior, DnwEY. PAtnn’s Cat. p. 154,
Carex gynandra, SCHWEIN. PAINE’s Cat. p. 154.
Carex emmonsii, DEW. PAINE’S Cat. p. 155.
Carex lupulifor mis, SARTW. PAINE’s Cat. p. 157.
Carex retrocur va, Dew. . PAINE’s Cat.’p. 158.
Carex vaginata, TAUscH. PAtINe’s Cat. p. 158.
Carex woodti, DEw. Painn’s Cat. p. 159.

Carex glabra, Boort. PAINE’s Cat. p. 160.

Carex knieskernii, Dew, Patnn’s Cat. p. 161.

76
12.
13.
14.
4D.
16.
TT.
18.
"9.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.
86.

81.
88.

89.

NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

Carex richardsonii, R. BRowN. Patne’s Cat. p. 161.
Carex vaseyt, Dew. PaAinn’s Cat. p. 163.

Carex hartti, Drew. PAINE’s Cat. p. 163.

Carex hartit, var. bradieyi, Dew. Patnu’s Cat. p. 163.
Carex ampullacea, GooD. PAINE’s Cat. p. 164.

Carex monile, TUCKERM. PAINE’s Cat. p. 164.

Carex vesicaria, L. Patnn’s Cat. p. 164.

Carex physema, Dew. PAINzE’s Cat. p. 165. To these Carices. must
be added:

Carex utriculata, var. minor, the credit of the discovery of which is,
I believe, due to the Hon. HENry B. Lorp.

Carex eederi, var. prolifera, Lorp, This form is found by Mr. Lorp
near Ludlowville, Tompkins county, and he deems it worthy to
be noted as a variety, under the above name. At least one of
the spikes of each plant is proliferous; that is, from one of the
perigynia issues a stalk bearing a spike.

Carex lupulina, var. gigantoidea, DEwry in SILLIMAN’s Journal.
Discovered by Mr. Lorn, near Ludlowville, in 1865.

Tripsacum dactyloides, L. Hunter’s Point, Long Island, 1865. Dr.
T. F. ALLEN.

Cystopteris fragilis, var. dentata, Hook, PAiNE’s Cat. p. 178.
Aspidium dilatatum, WILLD. PAINE’s Cat. p. 178.

Aspidium bootti, TucKERM. PAINE’s Cat. p.178. These two forms
of A. spinulosum, as they are commonly conceded to be, are not
extremely uncommon in the State, and have long been known
to its botanists.

Botrychium lanceolatum, ANGsTR. PAInnE’s Cat. p. 179.

Iscetes braunii, Durtnu. The Niagara river, near Buffalo, at the
mouth of the Little Bay of Strawberry Island, and along the
head of Grand, Island, 1865: G. W. C. This was determined
by DurixEv, to whom specimens were sent, “ with the same
remark that Prof. BRAUN makes to Dr. ENGELMANN, that I.
braunti and echinospora may probably prove to be forms of the
same species.”” EH. DuRAND; in lit., Dec. 5, 1865.

Iscetes macrospora, DurnitEv. This species ‘ was established on an
unique specimen in the herbarium of the Phil. Academy of Na-
tural Sciences, which I sent to Prof. Dur1Ev three years ago.

» It was marked, ‘found in a pond of the Catskill’ »It is distin-
guished by its very large spores and androspores, larger than
in any other known species.”’ HE. DURAND, in lit., Dec. 11, 1865.
The station of this plant is believed to be one of the small ponds
or lakes back of the Mountain House.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. at

The following plants, which are either maritime or principally affect
the sea coast, have, since the last Report, been found in the interior of
if
the State: "

1. Orontium aquaticum, L. “ Borders of a pond in Gilbertsville, Otsego
county, H. LATHROP in herb.” PATNE’s Catalogue.

2. Eleocharis olivacea, TORR. “PAINE’S Catalogue.
3. Calamagrostis arenaria, RotH. PAINn’s Catalogue.

4, Spartina stricta, var. alterniflora, GRAY. PAtNn’s Catalogue.

The following list contains new stations of rare plants, or remarkable
stations of common ones, and some corrections of reputed stations, and

notable observations touching some of our plants:

1. Ranunculus reptans, L. On western edge of Strawberry Island,
the Niagara river, and off the Little Bay of that Island, in anes
from one to two feet deep.

2. ddlumia cirrhosa, Ra¥. Akron, Erie county, 1864: D. F. Day and
G. W. C:

3. Nuphar kalmiana, PursH. Williams’s Bridge, on the Harlem river,
1865. T. F. ALLEN.

4. Dicentra eximia, D.C. On recurring to my correspondence with
DAvip THomAS, in 1829, I find that he had not, as I supposed,
then found this plant native in Cayuga county. Prof. PIcKETT
kindly communicated to me a letter of my dear friend, Dr. Sart-
WELL, dated June 23, 1865, in which he writes: ‘‘As to Dicen-
tra eximia, | know not where it can be found. About twenty
years ago, I found it in Wayne county, not far from Lyons; and
Davip THomas found it in Scipio, Cayuga county, about the
same time, or before. I doubt whether it can be had, at this
time, unless some one has it in his garden. I have no duplicate

specimen.”
5. Lychnis vespertina, Sista. New-York Island, 1865. W. W. DENsSLow:

6. Vicia cracca, L. Hanover, Chautauqua county, 1865: D. F. Day. Mr.
Day informs me that it had taken possession of a farm in that
town, and, being regarded as a weed, the farm had depreciated
in value.

1. Gymnocladus canadensis, Lam. The Hon. Henry B. Lorn, of Lud-
lowville, Tompkins county, wrote to me, on the 15th of July
1865: “ Too late for flowering specimens. I know of but one
tree in this town, and two-smaller growing near it, which I
should take to be seedlings, only the flowers on the oldest’ tree .
are staminate. These trees are, apparently, spontaneous,
growing outside of any enclosure, near the (Cayuga) Lake.
They have been. regarded with & reat cur iosity by the people, no
one knowing what to call them, The prevalent impression was
that they were mahogany trees, and I have frequently had them
pointed ont to me as such; and, sometimes, the very interesting

/

78 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. ~

incident was’ stated, that the largest tree (about 18 inches in
diameter) was planted by a sailor, or rather the seed was
planted which he brought with him from a voyage to the ma-
hogany tountries.”

8. Rosa setigera, MtcHx. In company with Dr. Booru, I found some
bushes of this near Rochester, in 1864, an our way to Ironde-
quoit Bay, and the Doctor informed me that there were other

‘ stations of it near Rochester. In the same year I found a
single bush of it on the edge of a wooded swamp, remote from
any garden, near Buffalo. In 1865, I found it abundant, on the
banks of the Oak Orchard creek, at Albion. I am inclined,
however, to the belief that, in all these stations, it was bird-
sown, and that it is not indigenous to the State.

9. Lythrum hyssopifolia, L. Staten Island, 1865. W. H. Leaerrr,
10. Epilobium molle, Torrey. Buffalo, 1865. G. W. C.

11. Opuntia vulgaris, M1tu. My venerable friend, Dr. James HADLEY,
now of Buffalo, wrote me, on the 23d of May 1866, as follows:
““Tn answer to your inquiries I would state that I never found,
and do not know that any one else ever found, Opuntia vulgaris
at Fairfield. The statement of Dr. TorR&Y, in his Flora of the
State, ‘The most northern locality in this State is Fairfield,
where it was found by Prof. HADL#yY’, is an error. I collected
this plant at New-Haven, Connecticut; and it may be that a
specimen, collected there, slipped in among some plants from
Fairfield which I furnished to Doctor Torrey. I can imagine
no other way in which the error could have occurred.’ My
good friend, JAmMzEs L. BENNETT, of Providence, R.1I., in March
1866, wrote me that, in 1856 or 1857, he found the Opuntia vul-
garis ‘‘in the neighborhood of Syracuse, in,.a southwestern di-
rection from the city,” and that ‘it appeared a native, and not
an accidental interloper.”

12. Valeriana sylvatica, RicHaRps. Bergen swamp, Genesee county,
1865. Dr. Booty, Fisa, PAINE.

13. Solidago ohioensis, RIDDELL. Bergen swamp, 1865. Boortu, Fisu.

14 Veronica anagallis, L. Caledonia,” Livingston county; and in the
Tonawanda swamp, on the Oak Orchard creek, near Alabama,
1865. G. W.C. Near Bergen, 1865: L. Houzzr, Fisu, Booru.

15. Melissa officinalis, L. Roadsides in Hamburgh, Erie county, 1865.
Naturalized, D. F. Day.

16. Blephilia hirsuta, Bento. ‘It grows along the Chemung river, west
of the railroad bridge, outside of Corning, near the Painted
Post station.” Rev. L. Heuzer, 1865.

AT. Gentiana saponaria, var. linearis, GRAY. Irondequoit Bay, 1863.
Gro. W. FIisu.

18. Frasera carolinensis, WALT. Under the date of ‘ Greatfield, 2 mo.
2, 1828,” Davip THomAsS wrote me: “ F7rasera carolinensis is
called a biennial, but I am satisfied that it is often triennial.”
It is abundant in rocky groves east of and near Buffalo. My
friend, D. F. Day, and myself have observed it closely in and

19.
20.

21.
22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.
29.

30.
31.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE FLORA. 79

since 1861. In that year we found only radical leaves anda
few old fruit stalks, In 1862 it flowered. In 1863 and 1864 it
did not; but in 1865 it did flower. »

Acerates viridiflora, ELL. Staten Island, 1865. W.H. Lreaeert.

Myrica cerifera, L. Caledonia, and the Bergen swamp, common.
1865.

Naias major, AULIONI, Irondequoit Bay, 1865. Prof. E.G. Prckert.

Zygadenus glaucus, Nutt. Caledonia, 1865: G. W. C. Bergen
swamp, 1865: Fisu, Booty, Parnz, Houzer.

Tofieldia glutinosa, WILLD. Bergen swamp, 1865: Boot, PArnz,
Fiso, Houzer.

Eleocharis rostellata, TORREY. Bergen swamp, 1865: Booru, Fisq,
PAINE, HOLZER.

Scirpus cespitosus, L. Bergen swamp, 1865: Fis, Bootu, Houzmr,

G. W. C.

Scleria verticillata, Munu. Bergen swamp, 1865: Cuinton, Boots,
Fish, PICKETT.

Carex gynocrates, WorMSKIOLD ; (C. dioica of the Flora. Bergen
swamp, 1865: Booru, PAINE.

Carex siccata, Dewey. Bergen swamp, 1865. G. W.C.

Carex grayii, CAREY. Rochester, BootH, ALDEN, 1865; HouzEr
and G. W. C.

Phalaris canariensis, L. Buffalo, onrubbish heaps, 1865. D. F. Day

Scolopendrium officinarum, Swartz. On the third day of March,
1865, Lewis Foote, Esq., of Detroit, Michigan, discovered a
new station of this fern, which, in a letter to me, he describes
as being: ‘about 200 feet from the track of the Syracuse &
Binghamton R. R., about five miles from Syracuse and half a
mile from Janesville, in a deep rocky ravine, through which a
small stream empties into the Butternut creek.” ' In noticing
this interesting discovery, in the American Journal, Professor
GRAY supposes that this may be PursH’s original station: But
there is reason to believe that PURSH’s was neither this nor the
Chittenango Falls station. PurRs# states that he found it ‘‘in
shady woods, among loose rocks, in the western parts of New-
York, near Onondaga, on the plantations of J. Geppis, Esq.”
The Hon. GEoRGE GEDDEs, the son of PuRsuH’s ‘“‘ J. GEpDDIs,
Hsq.,”’ under the date of ‘‘ Fairmount, March 31, 1866,” very
obligingly wrote me as follows, in answer to my inquiries: ‘I
regret to have to say that my knowledge of botany is too limited
to enable me to identify the fern commonly called the Harés-
tongue. But it so happens that I remember many years since,
when I was small boy, that my father set me looking for it in a
gorge in the limestone precipice just south of my house, which
is 44 miles west of the center of Syracuse. The gorge is within
one mile of my house, and is quite like the locality on the But-
ternut creek and the locality on the Chittenango. I am very

\

80 NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET.

familiar with all these three places. I very well.remember
that my father was anxious to secure a specimen of this fern,
as the fact of its having been found here was disputed. Your
letter, read in connection with my recollection of his having ._
said that some noted botanist had found it in the gorge near
here, and the dispute that had grown out of the report, leaves
no doubt in my mind that the fern was found within one mile
of here, and by the man you name, though not strictly on my:
father’s land, but just off his property. This being so, it is
safe for you to say that on the Chittenango, on the Butternut,
and in the town of Onondaga, just at the base of the limestone
cliff of one hundred feet high, this fern has been found. The
first of these discoveries was the one in 1806, by Pursu. It
would have gratified my father much, could he have shown that
this fern grew in various places along the base of the limestone
range, though he was unable to find a specimen here as late as
the time when he set me looking for it, when I was carrying a
gun over our hills about the year 1825.”

On account of delay in the publication of this Report, the
remaining Papers named in the Table of Contents, on pages 37,
38, will appear in the next Annual Report.

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